The last day of April

 

The surface chart and radar

 

We can see the cold front moving across the region, along with a series of troughs, causing variable clouds and scattered rain showers. The air is rather cool, as shown by the NAM 3K temperature plot, curtesy of Tropical Tidbits.  

From today through Saturday, as an upper level low up over the Great Lakes allows these series of troughs to continue to move across the region; keeping us a bit cool and unsettled with isolated to scattered rain showers. Then late Saturday into Sunday two areas of low pressure, currently near the Southwest U.S and the other over the northern Plains near the Canadian Border, will work through and redevelop off the Middle Atlantic Coast.  Right now, this looks to stay south and east enough that it will only graze southern New England and brush the Mid-Atlantic this will bring some rain later Saturday into Saturday night for these areas, the area’s most likely to be impacted look to be along and southeast of the Interstate 95 corridor. Interior parts of the region should stay relatively dry.

 

Monday high pressure will move in keeping the threat of scattered showers in the forecast, especially for northern parts of the region, but temperatures will become milder. Then on Tuesday another cold front will approach continuing to keep things unsettled along with variable cloud cover. For Tuesday night and Wednesday the cold front will stall and become stationary; this will keep the threat for scattered showers along and south and east of the boundary.  Thursday a stronger area of low pressure will approach, resulting in widespread rain showers that could be heavy it times. There could also be scattered thunderstorms. It is possible some of these storms could be strong to severe.

The Drought Monitor

The U.S. Drought Monitor released on Thursday, April 30 showed drought and/or abnormally dry conditions expand in southern and coastal parts of the Northeast. This was due to factors such as limited precipitation, record to near-record low streamflow, and reduced groundwater levels and soil moisture. Agricultural impacts have also been noted in West Virginia. However, conditions improved in northern and eastern Maine, where groundwater levels continue to recover.

This week. 

Last week.

Have a great day!

Cool and unsettled

 

The surface chart and radar

 

We have high pressure exiting to the east, while a cold front is approaching out of the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley with an area Low pressure developing along the front.

Today

Clouds will continue to increase head of the front.  It will take a little while for the dry air ahead of the front to moisten up. But by Mid Afternoon the rain will becoming much steadier over central parts of the region. Out ahead of the front temperatures will be seasonably mild. The Widespread rain and thunderstorms will continue to advance east into the eastern parts of the region late afternoon into tonight. Some of these thunderstorms could be strong to perhaps severe.

The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) has a Marginal Risk for severe weather over Southwest Pennsylvania (including Pittsburgh), most of Maryland and Delaware.

 

Rain will be heavy at times, with a general, with 0.5" to 1.0" with high amounts possible of rain by tomorrow morning. These heavier downpours could lead to some localized poor-drainage flooding on the roadways.

Temperatures will become much cooler behind the front.

 Tomorrow into the Weekend.

 The rest of this week is going to stay chilly, breezy, and unsettled as this area of low pressure lingers overhead. Both Thursday and Friday will have scattered to isolated showers; as the low pressure slowly drifts east, with rain lessening west to east. This will be especially true for Thursday.  But later Friday through the weekend a trough with an upper-level low will approach and move in overhead, this will keep the weekend chilly and unsettled. With the chilly temperatures, northern parts of the region will likely experience some mixed precipitation, with the higher elevations seeing snow showers.  These weekend showers will be widely scattered, so many might not see them, but they could popup anywhere and anytime. On Sunday we’re going to see high pressure build in from Canada along with a stronger area of low pressure developing off the Middle Atlantic Coast. This area of low pressure will be drifting away during Monday, with rain showers over the northeastern Middle Atlantic, with scattered rain showers over New England, the rest of the region will be dealing with scattered rain showers. On Tuesday, low pressure and a cold front will be approaching and moving though. Bringing scattered rain showers to the region, rain could be rather heavy at times. Then for Wednesday high pressure will briefly move in, followed by another cold front and low pressure for Wednesday night into Thursday.   

 I hope y’all have had time to read part 2 of my hurricane outlook.

Have a great rest of your day.

Warm Start then a cool and damp finish.

 After a nice start, Northeast to end up rainy, chilly later this week

For the last few weeks, I’ve been warning all y’all about the roller coaster weather pattern, with wild temperature swings, that was going to encompass the Northeast and northern Middle Atlantic. This overall pattern looks to last for the rest of April into the first or second week of May. 

Surface Chart and Radar

 

On the surface chart and radar, we can see rain showers and some thunderstorms that moved out of the Ohio Valley and into western parts of our region, ahead of a cold front. Ahead of the cold front winds will become quite gusty with gust of around 30 mph possible. The cold front is going to weaken as it moves across western Pennsylvania and western New York State. There is a chance for a few thunderstorms across western parts of our region. As the rain approaches Central Pennsylvania and Central New York State the rain will lessen and dry up as it continues to move eastward.  Across the central parts of the region, we could see a sprinkles and showers for eastern half of northern New York State, the Mohawk Valley, Adirondacks, Catskills and across Central Pennsylvania during the afternoon into late afternoon. As it continues to push east, it could produce a couple of spotty rain showers later Tuesday afternoon or early Tuesday evening, but most should remain dry.

 Wednesday

Another system close on the heels of the first one, will move through. This will accompany the general prolonged rainy and chilly pattern for midweek into the coming weekend. For Wednesday we will see more in the way of widespread and steadier rain.  We’re going to see low pressure develop along the front to our south and pass north and east through the region. Rain with downpours will be working into western parts of the region mid-morning into the early afternoon.  The rain will likely be moving into eastern Pennsylvania, eastern New York State late afternoon into the early evening. Then it will move into New England Wednesday night. General rainfall amounts of 3/4" to 1" are likely but some of y’all could see a bit less, while others see a bit more. There will be a chance for thunderstorms over parts of the region. Some of these could be strong too severe across southern Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey, Maryland and Delaware.

The wet weather is needed as parts of the region are dealing with some ongoing drought

Behind our Wednesday system we will see rain, cooler and breezier conditions settle in for the end of the work. As low pressure in Canada supports deep troughing across our region. Right now, for the second half of Thursday it looks to be much drier, but a bit unsettled, with a few spotty shower showers possible, For Friday, it will be chilly and will remain unsettled with the chance of scattered showers. The weekend is looking quite cool for this time of year. The weekend is going to continue to be unsettled.  Thursday and through the weekend, mixing could be possible, with a chance for snow showers especially in the higher elevations above 2000’.

 I encourage y’all to read part 2 of my hurricane outlook.

Here is the link

Have a great rest of your day. 

 

The 2026 Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook part 2

 

Here is the second installment of this year’s tropical outlook for the Atlantic Basin.

Here is the link to the first installment.

The 2026 hurricane season is coming soon. The Atlantic hurricane season is six months long, beginning on June 1 every year and ending on November 30.

Last year's hurricane season was a fairly quiet one; it produced 13 named storms, five of which became hurricanes. Four of those five became major hurricanes, which are storms that are Category 3 or stronger. The season also saw no named storms making landfall on the United States. Will this year be similar?

 2026 Hurricanes and Tropical Storms

 Here’s the list of the names that will be used for the 2026 hurricanes and tropical storms in the Atlantic basin.

Arthur, Bertha, Cristobal, Dolly, Edouard, Fay, Gonzalo, Hanna, Isaias, Josephine, Kyle, Leah, Marco, Nana, Omar, Paulette, Rene, Sally, Teddy, Vicky and Wilfred.

Here are the major factors that will help determine this year’s outlook.

 Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs):

 

Warmer-than-average SSTs provide more energy for storm formation and intensification. Looking at the current data indicates that SST anomalies— especially in the Gulf of America and Caribbean Sea—are looking to be very warm, increasing the chance of active rapid intensification (RI) should a storm traverse across these areas this year.  The Main Development Region MDR which includes the Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Gulf average to slightly above average overall.  

 

Because the Gulf is once again warmer than average, tropical cyclones near the coastline could undergo RI with crushing impacts that leave little time to fully prepare.

 

While the overall SSTs are generally cooler in the MDR than this time last year, they are still quite elevated and are quite warm in the Gulf.

 

In this image courtesy of Tropical Tidbits. We can clearly see the Loop Current in the southeast Gulf.  The Loop Current provides extra warm water to developing hurricanes.

 

The 26° C Which is 78.8° F water temperatures, which is warm enough for hurricane formation, is not only present on the sea surface but is already quite deep into the sea. The Ocean Heat Content (OHC) In fact, the red areas show where warm water is around 300 feet deep. Warm water this deep can act as rocket fuel, especially with low windshear. As spring turns into summer, expect this deep warm water area to expand.

 

 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO):

The ENSO condition is has evolved from a La Nina condition.  But as I’ve been saying for quite some time an El Nino, perhaps a very strong one, should be developing over the next few months. The timing of this El Nino event is going to have a big impact on how it will impact the 2026 season.

As I’ve said many times, El Nino is a natural climate pattern that occurs in the equatorial Pacific but affects weather worldwide. El Nino is the warm phase of the ENSO. The cooler phase is La Nina.  The warmer-than-average Pacific waters during an El Nino pattern tend to prevent storms in the Atlantic from developing or strengthening by overall higher than average windshear, which is when upper-level winds tear the storms apart, making for an unfavorable environment for storm development.

 

The graphics above shows the present SST in the ENSO critical area.  One can easily see the Pacific is quickly warming with all the spaghetti modes show major warming going through the coming hurricane season.  On the chart the model mean is showing a Strong El Nino, with a few showing a very strong (Super) El Nino showing up for the peak of the hurricane season.

 If we see an El Nino there is a correlation for increased Wind Shear and fewer storms. But remember this is only one factor, as I said in part 1, with the global oceans so warm, they very well could overwhelm the El Nino, making it less of a factor.

 Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation (AMO):

 The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index reflects an argued 50–80-year pattern of North Atlantic coupled ocean-atmosphere variability. Over that time frame it has a cool phase and warm phase. It is associated with changes in rainfall over North America and Europe, the frequency of North American droughts, and the intensity of North Atlantic hurricanes. For 2026 the AMO remains in a warm phase, which historically correlates with higher hurricane activity. This year, this pattern continues to be conducive for tropical cyclone development.

 In fact, looking the image below, y’all can see the dashed line in the image below, it shows how the actual warming is higher than most models and analogue years can now predict.  In other words, the models are for the most part, under forecasting the strength of the AMO.  The red horizontal line shows the marking out between warm phase and cool phases. 

 

So, the AMO teleconnection is showing the Atlantic remains in a very warm phase which is a positive factor for tropical cyclone development.

 

 Bermuda-Azores High:

 The Bermuda-Azores High or simply know as the Bermuda high is an area of high-pressure located over the Atlantic Ocean that gets its name from the island chain of Bermuda. The strength and location of the Bermuda high is very important, as it has the ability to influence the track and strength of tropical systems in the Atlantic basin.

 

The clockwise circulation around the Bermuda high is what helps direct the path of tropical systems and can determine if they make landfall or stay out to sea.

A weaker Bermuda High that is shifted to the east in general steers storms northward earlier in their track westward, which may shift storm trajectory out into the open Atlantic or even towards Bermuda. This helps to decrease direct impacts on East and southern U.S. Coast. But when the high pressure is stronger and shifted west. It tends to allow tropical cyclones to work into the western Atlantic and target the Caribbean, Gulf and East Coast, or anything in between.

In 2026, signs are that this year’s Bermuda High will be more elongated and could have two centers.  So there is a chance some of the tropical cyclones will move more westward into the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf or possibility get closer to the East Coast.

 

Mid-level Moisture:

 Mid-level moisture is also a very important factor in tropical cyclone development. Tropical Cyclones begin as easterly waves that move across the Sahel region of northern Africa.  Here is a map that shows this important African region.

 

If this area is wet, it suppresses the amount of dust blowing across this semi-arid region. With less dust plumes heading out over the MDR.; it means tropical cyclones have more mid-level moisture to help them develop.

The forecast from the National Climate System forecast model shows quite a bit of green and blue areas showing quite a bit of rainfall in August 2026.

 

If accurate, dust will be suppressed, and more moisture will be available to the easterly wave storm systems emerging into the Atlantic which would aid hurricane development as peak hurricane season begins.

 Looking at the CFSv2 precipitation pattern for the MDR for June, images courtesy of Tropical Tidbits. The model is showing large swaths of heavy rainfall suggesting lots of moisture availability especially for June.

 

The red arrow is showing how storms could track that can create this kind of heavy rain pattern.

 

Here is a look at July, August and September, images courtesy of Tropical Tidbits

 

The pattern is showing there could be ample moisture available for at least the first part of the season heading toward the peak of the Atlantic hurricane season, which is on September 10^th.  So, in spite of the emerging El Nino, there is going to be a concern for the Gulf and East Coast of the United States.

 

What is the current prediction from the major outlets?

 

Source….......Named Storms…....Hurricanes……....... Major (Cat 3+)  

CSU……..………13………………….6………………….….2    

TSR……..………12………………….5………………….….1                    

U of Arizona........20…………...….….9……………...……..4    

30yr Average........14…………...........7……....………….…3

               

Here is my first call on my thoughts on the overall numbers:

 Key Drivers

With El Nino expected to develop and likely strengthen into a moderate to strong or even a super El Nino by peak season. This increases the general upper-level wind shear over the Atlantic, disrupting tropical cyclone organization and intensification. But on the other side of the coin with SSTs being warmer than average in the Gulf of America and Caribbean Sea, but slightly cooler in the eastern and central Atlantic (but these will warm some more during the season). The Gulf’s warm waters could still support RI. We also have a chance for a wetter than average African region, this could mean less dust plumes over the MDR in the Atlantic.   Based on these analogue years 2006, 2009, 2015 which saw slightly below average activity, and especially 2023 season due to record warm Atlantic SSTs, which overrode the El Nino influence. Due to this 2023 featured 18 named storms, 11 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes, including two Category 5 storms.

Right now, I think the number of names storms, will end up being 12 to 16, with 6-9 becoming hurricanes, with 3-4 of those becoming major hurricanes.

Summery:  

El Nino is expected to develop and strengthen, possibly becoming very strong. But the SSTs and increased amount of moisture leading to the chance for below average amounts of dust over the MDR. These could override much of El Ninos influence.  remember it only takes one storm to make a quiet season produce historic disasters, as 1992 and Hurricane Andrew showed.

Based on the factors I went over I think the 2026 Atlantic hurricane season looks be around average to slightly above average.

These are the areas at the highest threat for direct impacts

As far as impact, those with the greatest risk of seeing landfalling systems look to be along the northern and northeastern Gulf Coast as well as the West Coast of Florida. The area around the Carolinas is also at an above average risk. The western Gulf Coast, especially Texas has a generally below average risk. Along the rest of the East Coast, Florida as well as the Middle Atlantic and New England Coast look to be around average.

Well, that’s it…If I make an updated outlook, it will be released around the end of May.

If you liked this and learned something, please leave a comment and let me know!

 

 

 

It's a miserable weekend!

 Today and tomorrow is going to be raw damp and chilly; We have strong high pressure up over Maine and the gulf of Maine that has pushed a back door cold front over the region. As an area low pressure moves along that frontal boundary. North of the boundary it's going to be seasonally cool, but fairly dry. Temperature along and south of the boundary are closer to seasonal but there is widespread rain showers

Surface chart and radar

As today goes on, the rain showers are going to clear west to east As low pressure continues to advance. By tomorrow morning eastern parts of the region will likely still be dealing with a bit of rain. But the rest of us should be dry out. For Sunday Southeast New York state, New Jersey, southeast Pennsylvania, Maryland and Delaware Will see conditions ever so slowly clear up as the day goes on.  Connecticut will be dealing with showers as well. We will be watching high pressure approaching the region for Sunday night

Courtesy tropical tidbit

Here's a look At North American Model (NAM) is thinking about total rainfall across the region. You can see where most of it looks to be.

Courtesy tropical tidbits

As the low pressure pushes off the coast for Monday. High pressure will build into the region making for a mostly dry day with temperatures becoming Seasonal. Tuesday and Wednesday, a couple areas of low pressure with cold fronts slowly move through the region, and maybe even stalling over the region. Keeping a threat for rain showers across the region. There will likely be lingering rain showers across the eastern half of our region for Thursday morning. For Tuesday and the rest of the work week will see temperatures generally below average for this time of year. Friday we'll see high pressure move back into region, before a trough moves back in overhead for Saturday. So all in all a cool week is ahead with unsettled conditions. But many parts of our region can use the rain so it's not a bad thing.

Have a great weekend

Brighter skies and dry weather

Surface Chart, Radar and Satellite

 Today’s pleasant conditions will give way to unsettled and damp conditions tomorrow and rainfall for the weekend.

Today’s pleasant conditions will give way to unsettled and damp conditions tomorrow and rainfall for the weekend.

Looking at the surface chart, we can see a frontal boundary stretching over southwest Pennsylvania extending into the Middle Atlantic. There is also a backdoor cold front over northern New York State, Vermont and New Hampshire that is dropping south. There is also a warm front to our west. This warm front is going to lift north and east into our region, where it is going to be meandering around for tomorrow into Saturday.

Today

High pressure will produce mostly clear skies.  Winds will be out of the northwest 5-15 with gusts to 25 MPH.  Our high temperatures will range from seasonable to slightly below average. That upper-level disturbance attached to that backdoor cold front is producing a lot of clouds along with rain and snow showers over Maine. The rest of the region is seeing a mix of sun and clouds, allowing for quite a bit of sunshine.

Tonight

High pressure will exit the region with increasing clouds. We will have a comfortable evening. With winds coming from the northwest at 5 to 15 mph before winds become near calm tonight.   There could be a few widely scattered showers/sprinkles tonight and through the overnight, especially over New York State.

Tomorrow through the weekend

For Friday, the warm front is going to lift into the Great Lakes, where an area of low pressure will develop. Most of the region will see dry conditions with a mix of sun and clouds, there will be a chance for isolated showers, this will be especially true for Maine where more in the way of lingering instability will allow a better chance for isolated rain and snow showers during the day. The region will be a little cooler than Thursday, but it won’t be bad for late April.  

Friday Night the frontal boundary dropping out of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes will become semi stationary. The cold front will see low pressure develop, as everything slowly drops south and east Friday night into Saturday. With the front we can expect scattered rain showers becoming steady. The rain could be heavy at times.  We’re going to see a coastal storm develop off of the Mid-Atlantic coast. But we’re going to have a large area of high pressure sliding south out of Canada. This should force the coastal low to stay to the south and east and keep most of the impacts out to sea and keeps most of us dry. But Southern New England could be clipped by it before everything drops south and east. As the front with the low pressure dropping out of the lakes, that high pressure is likely going to keep northern New York State and northern New England mainly dry. With the high and low pressure in close proximally winds will be Gusty for Sunday and Monday.   

Starting around mid of next week the pattern is going to become more active. The region should be mostly dry during the second half of Sunday and Monday with lots of sun. But then Tuesday into Wednesday will see rain return. The overall trend late next week into the first part of May is pointing toward a more active and unsettled pattern.

Have a Great Thursday

At least a few days of milder temperatures

 

Surface chart, radar and satellite

We have high pressure off the Coast with an approaching warm front attached to an upper-level ridge. The UL ridge is going to end up stalling overhead and then a upper-level low will develop in the Gulf of Maine near the Canadian Maritimes.

We’re going to be having a few weak disturbances dropping south and east out of the Great Lakes. These will try to interact with the warm front, with the chance for a few widely scattered showers. Looking at the radar we can see a few rain showers over Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey. With some very isolated rain showers around southwest Massachusetts. with some rain/mix showers up over Maine. Satellite is showing not much going on over the Northeast, with a large area of clear skies over the Midwest. But we can see the showers and storm that are associated with the cold front out west.

A look at the next 2 to 3 days

Storm Prediction Center SPC Day 1 outlook

 The overall threat is rather limited, but a few storms could turn strong today. The area with the greatest chance for severe weather stretches from the High Plains including parts of West Texas, Kansas and Nebraska, into the northern Plains. Another smaller area of concern extends from northeast Indiana into northern Ohio.

Storm Prediction Center SPC Day 2 and 3 outlooks

The severe risk increases tomorrow, as a cold front moves across the central and northern Plains.

 A corridor from southern Kansas into southern Minnesota faces a slight risk of severe weather, meaning scattered severe storms are possible. Storms may begin during the afternoon and continue into the evening, with hazards including damaging wind gusts, large to very large hail and a few tornadoes. Another round of storms is possible late Friday into Saturday across the southern Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley.

Tomorrow is going to be even milder that today, as high pressure brings all the sun over the Midwest to the Northeast and northern Middle Atlantic. Tomorrow should feature dry conditions for many of us, but for Maine back into Northwest Massachusetts and New Hampshire y’all can expect to see rain and snow showers during the morning, before easing up a little and becoming more in the way of scattered in the afternoon. 

For Friday that cold front is going to approach, with widespread rain and maybe a few thunderstorms. A weak disturbance moving along the front could trigger a few stray showers and a few non severe thunderstorms Friday, across western parts of our region., but much of the time it will be rain free. This is going to become stationary, as an upper-level low develops in the Canadian Maritimes. As the strong cold front gets closer more in the way of widespread rain will move in for Friday night into the first half of the weekend. As low pressure develops along the boundary. Rain could be moderate to heavy at times, Rain showers will extend into Sunday morning, but things should become drier Sunday as the low pressure starts to exit. Monday will see high pressure move back in, with cool temperatures and mostly dry conditions. Later Monday, we will be watching a low-pressure frontal system approach from the west. This is going to move through Monday overnight into Tuesday, with widespread rain. Wednesday will see the system pushing east, but a trough will be hanging around keeping things unsettled. Seasonable to below average temperatures become established going through next week. 

When we can plant is complicated!

 This spring like all springs is unpredictable when it comes to planting. We’ve had several cold snaps and even a couple of false spring signals.

This map of the United States shows the most common date range you can expect to see temperatures dip to 32°F or below for the last time. 

This map is based on the 1991–2020 U.S. Climate Normals from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), the median date of the last spring freeze is the average date on which freezing temperatures (32°F or below) occur for the last time in a given year across a region.

Here is one for the Northeast and northern Middle Atlantic

While these maps show the average timeframe of the last spring freeze, each calendar year’s actual conditions may widely vary based on weather patterns.

How Northeast topography Influences Frost Dates

 The Northeast’s climate is shaped by its humid continental base, with coastal, mountain, and urban influences creating distinct microclimates across the region.

In the Spring coastal areas warm faster, while inland and mountain valleys remain cold longer. the rolling hills of New Hampshire and Vermont might see their last frosts around mid-May, whereas places like Long Island or parts of Connecticut could be welcoming warmer weather a bit earlier—perhaps as early as late April. It’s almost like the landscape is whispering secrets about when it’s safe to plant.

 Springtime Microclimates in the Northeast

 The Northeastern region’s vast differences in geography and layout shaped by the region’s mix of humid continental and humid subtropical climates, as well as the moderating influence of the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes, and the Appalachian Mountains makes for several unique microclimates. Along the New England coast and parts of New Jersey, the Atlantic Ocean moderates’ temperatures, keeping them milder in winter and cooler in summer. In spring, this means earlier snowmelt and faster warming compared to inland areas. Coastal sites can experience marine layer fog and wet, unstable air masses that delay full warming until mid-to-late April. The Appalachian Mountains act like a natural barrier, often sheltering valleys from harsh winds that might otherwise push in cold air. Catskills, Adirondacks, and western New York, where spring warming is slower and snowmelt is less rapid. This means areas at higher altitudes or nestled between mountain ranges can experience later frost dates compared to coastal regions. The Great Lakes, especially Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, release stored winter heat in spring, creating lake-effect warming. This can cause springtime temperature spikes in nearby upstate New York and southern Ontario, sometimes leading to unseasonably warm days even in March. Conversely, cold air outbreaks from Canada can be intensified by the lakes’ cold water, producing sudden cold snaps. The Northeast and northern Middle Atlantic have large cities like New York City, Philadelphia, and Boston retain heat longer in spring due to built-up surfaces and reduced albedo (Urban Heat Island Effect). This can cause localized warming in urban cores, sometimes leading to earlier green-up and faster snowmelt in city parks and streets compared to surrounding rural areas.

In summary, the regional average last frost date in the northeastern United States is not just an interesting fact; it’s crucial for anyone involved in agriculture or gardening. By understanding how factors like topography influence these dates, we can better prepare and plan for a successful growing season—much like knowing the tides before setting sail into uncharted waters.

 Spring frost patterns may seem like an unpredictable force of nature, but by understanding the factors behind them, we can better prepare and adapt. Whether you’re a seasoned farmer or just someone who enjoys planting flowers in spring, knowing when those early frosts might strike can make all the difference.

 Here is the link to an interactive map of the median last spring freeze date for 1991–2020 at Climate.gov The map will show the specific median date for your location, which is typically in late April to early May depending on elevation and microclimate.

Well, that’s it, take care of your plants.